Matcha powder is powdered green tea leaves. It contains many kinds of vitamins, especially vitamin C. Mixing matcha powder and boiling water creates matcha. There are formal ways of preparing and drinking matcha. Matcha powder is not only used in drinking, but also used in dishes and desserts.
Sencha is the most popular green tea in Japan. Green tea and black tea are made from the same leaves. The difference is that black tea is made from fermented leaves, while green tea is made from unfermented leaves.
Gyokurocha is a very expensive green tea. If prepared with a little water at about 40 °C/104 °F, it becomes sweet and delicious.
Hōjicha can be bought at a reasonable price. It is made from roasted green tea leaves. Because it does not taste very bitter and does not contain much caffeine, children and sick people can easily drink it.
Mugicha is made from roasted mugi (barley) and not from tea leaves. It does not contain caffeine or tannin at all. Cooled mugicha is popular in the summer. It used to be made by boiling mugi beans, but now is almost always made from tea bags.
Genmaicha is a mixture of about one half roasted genmai (unpolished rice) and one half tea leaves. It does not contain much caffeine. Genmaicha has a light taste and an aromatic smell.
Kobucha is made from powdered sea tangle. This taste is like soup. Kobucha powder is used in not only tea, but also in seasonings.